GLM-4.5 is Zhipu AI's previous-generation flagship — proven at scale across Chinese enterprise, government, and academic deployments, with strong bilingual Chinese-English capability.
GLM-4.5 is an AI model released 2025 by Zhipu AI, a leading organization in large language model research. Full GLM-4.5 — flagship Zhipu model with deep Chinese/English reasoning and agentic capabilities. With Not publicly disclosed and a 128K tokens context window, GLM-4.5 is designed to excel across a range of demanding tasks — from software engineering and mathematical problem-solving to multilingual content generation and long-document analysis.
GLM-4.5 uses a dense transformer architecture with Not publicly disclosed of parameters, all of which are active for every input token. Dense architectures provide predictable, consistent behavior across diverse task types — there are no "cold" experts to warm up, and quality is uniform across prompts. Zhipu AI's training pipeline combined large-scale pretraining on a large-scale multilingual pretraining dataset with supervised fine-tuning and alignment techniques (RLHF or DPO), producing GLM-4.5's characteristic balance of capability, helpfulness, and safety.
As of 2026-10-16, GLM-4.5 by Zhipu AI demonstrates measurable performance on standard AI evaluation benchmarks. On MMLU — which tests world knowledge across 57 academic subjects from elementary to professional level — it achieves 85.0%. For software engineering tasks, GLM-4.5 scores 55.0% on LiveCodeBench, which tests practical software engineering. These scores place GLM-4.5 — at Not publicly disclosed of parameters — in a competitive position within its model class. Note that benchmark scores reflect controlled evaluation conditions; real-world performance varies by task, prompt design, and domain specificity.
The primary strengths of GLM-4.5 are: GLM-4.5 generation — significant improvement over GLM-4; Strong tool use and agentic capabilities; Apache 2.0. These make it particularly well-suited for Bilingual Chinese-English enterprise AI with agentic workflows. Users working on complex, multi-step problems benefit most from GLM-4.5's ability to maintain coherence across long inputs and produce structured, verifiable outputs.
Like all current AI systems, GLM-4.5 has limitations: Parameter count not publicly disclosed; Less tested in Western research. For production deployments, validating outputs against authoritative sources — especially for domain-specific or time-sensitive information — remains best practice. Zhipu AI continues to improve GLM-4.5 through ongoing research.
GLM-4.5 is available on LITHOVEX AI with a free account. Unlike direct API access — which requires billing setup, API key management, and per-token charges — LITHOVEX AI provides a seamless browser interface with no setup required, making GLM-4.5 accessible to students, researchers, developers, and early-stage teams globally.
As of 2026-10-16, GLM-4.5 by Zhipu AI demonstrates measurable performance on standard AI evaluation benchmarks. On MMLU — which tests world knowledge across 57 academic subjects from elementary to professional level — it achieves 85.0%. For software engineering tasks, GLM-4.5 scores 55.0% on LiveCodeBench, which tests practical software engineering. These scores place GLM-4.5 — at Not publicly disclosed of parameters — in a competitive position within its model class. Note that benchmark scores reflect controlled evaluation conditions; real-world performance varies by task, prompt design, and domain specificity.
GLM-4.5 dense transformer, bilingual Chinese-English
The training pipeline for GLM-4.5 involves multiple stages: large-scale pretraining on diverse multilingual text and code corpora to develop broad world knowledge, followed by supervised fine-tuning on instruction-response pairs, and alignment techniques such as RLHF or DPO. Each stage refines the model's helpfulness, accuracy, and safety. Zhipu AI's research team — based in China — has optimized GLM-4.5 for the specific capability profile described above.
Inference efficiency: GLM-4.5 at Not publicly disclosed is designed to deliver quality outputs at practical serving speeds. Its 128K tokens context window enables processing entire documents, multi-file codebases, and extended conversation histories — particularly valuable for contract review, technical documentation analysis, and codebase-level AI assistance.
Getting started with GLM-4.5 on LITHOVEX AI takes under two minutes. Follow these steps:
For best results with GLM-4.5: provide specific, context-rich prompts; include examples when generating code; specify output format when structure matters; break complex tasks into focused sub-questions. Since GLM-4.5 supports extended reasoning, prompting it to "think step by step" or "show your reasoning" activates deeper chain-of-thought analysis for math, logic, and complex problems.
Chinese banking and financial services AI
Government document processing and analysis in Chinese
Academic AI for Chinese universities and research institutes
E-commerce intelligence for Chinese retail platforms
Bilingual enterprise assistants for Chinese multinationals
Zhipu AI (THUDM — Tsinghua University Data Mining Group) is a Beijing-based AI research company founded in 2019, spun out of Tsinghua University — China's top engineering institution. Zhipu AI developed the GLM (General Language Model) family, pioneering autoregressive blank infilling as an alternative to GPT-style pretraining. GLM-4 and GLM-5 models excel at bilingual Chinese-English processing, business document handling, and agentic tool-use workflows. Zhipu's commercial products include ChatGLM and CodeGeeX, widely adopted in Chinese enterprise. As of 2024, the company has raised over $400 million in funding and employs hundreds of researchers.
Funding: $400M+ raised
Founded: 2019, headquartered in China.
GLM-4.5 by Zhipu AI competes in a field with several strong alternatives. Below is a detailed side-by-side comparison against commonly listed alternatives, using benchmark data and capability profiles in the catalog.
Both GLM-4.5 and the models above are available free on LITHOVEX AI — test them side by side on your real tasks before committing to a subscription with any provider.
GLM-4.5 is released under Apache 2.0, which means you can download and run it on your own hardware. Below are the quickest ways to get started.
LITHOVEX AI runs GLM-4.5 on cloud infrastructure, so you can use it instantly in your browser without downloading anything, configuring drivers, or managing VRAM. Create a free account and start in under 60 seconds.
GLM-4.5 is the most widely deployed GLM model in Chinese enterprise. From banking and insurance in Shanghai to government AI in Beijing, it serves as the backbone of Chinese domestic AI infrastructure. International deployments in Southeast Asian Chinese-language markets are also significant.
GLM-4.5 by Zhipu AI has the following version history and notable updates:
For the complete changelog and latest release notes, visit the official Zhipu AI model page.